Appearance
question:You are tasked with writing a **Python** function named `get_top_performers` that analyzes a CSV file containing sales data for different employees and returns the top performer(s) for each month. The CSV file is structured with columns: `Employee`, `Month`, and `Sales`, where `Employee` is the name of the employee, `Month` is the month of the sales record in `YYYY-MM` format, and `Sales` is the sales amount. Implement the following tasks within your function: 1. Read the CSV file using the `csv` module. 2. Identify the top performer(s) (the employee(s) with the highest sales) for each month. 3. Return a dictionary where each key is a month in `YYYY-MM` format and the corresponding value is a list of top performer(s) for that month. If multiple employees are the top performers for a month (tied sales amounts), all names should be included in the list for that month. **Function Signature:** ```python def get_top_performers(csv_filepath: str) -> dict: pass ``` **Requirements:** - Use the `csv` module to read the CSV file. - Handle the scenario where the sales amounts are tied for multiple employees by including all of their names in the list of top performers. - The input `csv_filepath` is a string representing the path to the CSV file. The function should read the file and process its contents accordingly.
answer:import csv from collections import defaultdict def get_top_performers(csv_filepath: str) -> dict: This function reads a CSV file containing sales data and returns the top performers for each month. Args: csv_filepath: str: The path to the CSV file. Returns: dict: A dictionary where each key is a month in 'YYYY-MM' format and the value is a list of top performers. sales_data = defaultdict(lambda: defaultdict(list)) # Reading the CSV file with open(csv_filepath, mode='r', newline='', encoding='utf-8') as file: reader = csv.DictReader(file) for row in reader: employee = row['Employee'] month = row['Month'] sales = float(row['Sales']) sales_data[month][sales].append(employee) top_performers = {} # Finding the top performers for each month for month, sales in sales_data.items(): max_sales = max(sales.keys()) top_performers[month] = sales[max_sales] return top_performers
question:You are required to write a Python function `find_anagrams(words_list, prefix_str)` that identifies and returns all anagrams of words from the `words_list` that start with the specified prefix `prefix_str`. The function should accomplish the following: 1. Ensure that the provided prefix is a starting substring of the anagram. 2. Use standard library functions to find anagrams related to the prefix among the given words. 3. Return the list of anagrams sorted in lexicographical order. An anagram is a word formed by rearranging the letters of another, using all the original letters exactly once. **Function Signature:** ```python def find_anagrams(words_list: list, prefix_str: str) -> list: ``` **Example Usage:** ```python words = ["listen", "silent", "enlists", "google", "inlets", "banana"] prefix = "si" print(find_anagrams(words, prefix)) # Output: ['silent'] ``` **Explanation:** - The function will take in a list of words and a prefix to filter and find correct anagrams starting with the given prefix. - It will return a list containing the anagrams sorted alphabetically, which meet the prefix condition. - In the example, the word "silent" is an anagram of "listen" and starts with the prefix "si". Thus, it appears in the returned list.
answer:def find_anagrams(words_list, prefix_str): Finds and returns all anagrams from the words_list that start with the specified prefix prefix_str. Parameters: words_list (list): A list of words to search anagrams from. prefix_str (str): The prefix that the anagrams need to start with. Returns: list: A list of anagrams that start with the given prefix, sorted in lexicographical order. from collections import Counter def is_anagram(word1, word2): return Counter(word1) == Counter(word2) # List comprehension to find words that start with the given prefix possible_anagrams = [word for word in words_list if word.startswith(prefix_str)] # Check if the words in possible_anagrams are anagrams of each other results = [ word for word in possible_anagrams for orig_word in words_list if word != orig_word and is_anagram(word, orig_word) and word.startswith(prefix_str) ] return sorted(list(set(results))) # Example usage: # words = ["listen", "silent", "enlists", "google", "inlets", "banana"] # prefix = "si" # print(find_anagrams(words, prefix)) # Outputs: ['silent']
question:Create a function named `matrix_operations` that takes two 2-dimensional numpy arrays (A and B) as input and returns a dictionary containing the following matrix operations: 1. Matrix Addition: - The element-wise sum of A and B. 2. Matrix Subtraction: - The element-wise difference of A from B. 3. Matrix Multiplication: - The dot product of A and B. 4. Element-wise Multiplication: - The element-wise product of A and B. 5. Transpose: - The transpose of both A and B. 6. Determinant: - The determinant of both A and B. 7. Inverse: - The inverse of both A and B, if they are square and invertible. If not, return `None` for that matrix. The function should return this information in a dictionary with the following structure: ```python { "addition": addition_matrix, "subtraction": subtraction_matrix, "dot product": dot_product_matrix, "element-wise multiplication": elementwise_product_matrix, "transpose": [transpose_A, transpose_B], "determinant": [determinant_A, determinant_B], "inverse": [inverse_A, inverse_B] } ``` **Requirements:** - Use the `numpy` library to perform the required calculations. - Ensure that the solution appropriately handles cases where A and B are not conformable for certain operations (e.g., dot product, determinant, inverse). - Raise a ValueError if A and B cannot be added, subtracted, or element-wise multiplied due to shape mismatches.
answer:import numpy as np def matrix_operations(A, B): Performs various matrix operations on two input matrices A and B. Parameters: A (numpy.ndarray): The first 2-dimensional numpy array. B (numpy.ndarray): The second 2-dimensional numpy array. Returns: dict: A dictionary containing the results of the matrix operations. if A.shape != B.shape: raise ValueError("Matrices A and B must have the same shape for addition, subtraction, and element-wise multiplication.") results = {} # Matrix Addition results["addition"] = A + B # Matrix Subtraction results["subtraction"] = A - B # Matrix Multiplication (Dot Product) if A.shape[1] != B.shape[0]: dot_product_matrix = None else: dot_product_matrix = np.dot(A, B) results["dot product"] = dot_product_matrix # Element-wise Multiplication results["element-wise multiplication"] = A * B # Transpose results["transpose"] = [A.T, B.T] # Determinant determinant_A = np.linalg.det(A) if A.shape[0] == A.shape[1] else None determinant_B = np.linalg.det(B) if B.shape[0] == B.shape[1] else None results["determinant"] = [determinant_A, determinant_B] # Inverse if A.shape[0] == A.shape[1] and np.linalg.det(A) != 0: inverse_A = np.linalg.inv(A) else: inverse_A = None if B.shape[0] == B.shape[1] and np.linalg.det(B) != 0: inverse_B = np.linalg.inv(B) else: inverse_B = None results["inverse"] = [inverse_A, inverse_B] return results
question:You are tasked with writing a Python function `generate_password(length)` that generates a secure random password of a specified length. The function should adhere to the following criteria: 1. The function will receive one parameter: - `length` (an integer representing the length of the password to be generated, with a minimum length of 8) 2. The generated password should include a mix of lowercase letters, uppercase letters, digits, and special characters (`!@#%^&*()_+-=[]{}|;':",./<>?`). 3. Ensure the password is generated randomly each time the function is called. 4. If the `length` parameter is less than 8, the function should return a message indicating that the password length must be at least 8 characters. 5. Use the `random` and `string` libraries of Python. Specifically, ensure that you make use of: - `random.choice` to select random characters from the allowed set of characters. - `random.shuffle` to shuffle the characters to ensure randomness. The function signature is: ```python def generate_password(length): pass ``` Example: Calling `generate_password(12)` might produce a password such as `aB3dEf!9hG2`. Ensure your function is secure and handles the character selection properly.
answer:import random import string def generate_password(length): if length < 8: return "Password length must be at least 8 characters." # Define the character sets lowercase = string.ascii_lowercase uppercase = string.ascii_uppercase digits = string.digits special = "!@#%^&*()_+-=[]{}|;':",./<>?" # Ensure that each category appears at least once in the password password = [ random.choice(lowercase), random.choice(uppercase), random.choice(digits), random.choice(special) ] # Fill the remaining length of the password all_characters = lowercase + uppercase + digits + special for _ in range(length - 4): password.append(random.choice(all_characters)) # Shuffle to avoid predictable patterns random.shuffle(password) return ''.join(password)