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question:You've decided to start a garden and want to keep track of the number of different plants you have to water. Write a function `plant_count(plants_string)` that counts the number of each type of plant and returns a dictionary with plant names as keys and frequencies as values. The string `plants_string` will contain the names of plants separated by spaces. Each plant name will only consist of lowercase alphabetical characters. Examples: ```python plant_count("rose tulip rose daisy rose") == {'rose': 3, 'tulip': 1, 'daisy': 1} plant_count("orchid orchid rose tulip") == {'orchid': 2, 'rose': 1, 'tulip': 1} plant_count("daisy daisy daisy daisy") == {'daisy': 4} plant_count("lily sunflower orchid orchid") == {'lily': 1, 'sunflower': 1, 'orchid': 2} ``` Note: - The input string `plants_string` will always have at least one plant name. - The order of keys in the output dictionary does not matter.

answer:def plant_count(plants_string): Returns a dictionary with plant names as keys and frequencies as values. plants_list = plants_string.split() plant_freq = {} for plant in plants_list: if plant in plant_freq: plant_freq[plant] += 1 else: plant_freq[plant] = 1 return plant_freq

question:In a forest, there is a unique species of birds where each bird can be identified by a unique ID. Each bird can have several characteristics, which are represented by positive integers. Given a list of bird IDs and their corresponding lists of characteristics, your task is to find the bird with the highest total value of characteristics. ------ Input Format ------ - First line will contain T, number of test cases. Then the test cases follow. - Each test case starts with an integer N, the number of birds. - The next N lines each contain a bird ID (a string) followed by a space-separated list of integers representing the characteristics of that bird. ------ Output Format ------ For each test case, output the bird ID with the highest sum of characteristics. If multiple birds have the highest total value, output the bird ID that appears first in the input. ------ Constraints ------ 1 ≤ T ≤ 100 1 ≤ N ≤ 100 1 ≤ text{number of characteristics per bird} ≤ 100 1 ≤ text{characteristic value} ≤ 1000 ------ Sample Input 1 ------ 2 3 bird1 5 3 8 bird2 7 4 bird3 6 6 1 2 birdA 10 20 birdB 15 5 5 ------ Sample Output 1 ------ bird1 birdA ----- Explanation 1 ------ Test case 1: - bird1 has characteristics 5, 3, 8 with a sum of 16. - bird2 has characteristics 7, 4 with a sum of 11. - bird3 has characteristics 6, 6, 1 with a sum of 13. Therefore, bird1 has the highest sum of characteristics. Test case 2: - birdA has characteristics 10, 20 with a sum of 30. - birdB has characteristics 15, 5, 5 with a sum of 25. Therefore, birdA has the highest sum of characteristics.

answer:def bird_with_highest_characteristics(T, test_cases): results = [] for i in range(T): N, birds_data = test_cases[i] max_sum = -1 bird_with_max_sum = "" for bird_data in birds_data: parts = bird_data.split() bird_id = parts[0] characteristics = map(int, parts[1:]) total_value = sum(characteristics) if total_value > max_sum: max_sum = total_value bird_with_max_sum = bird_id results.append(bird_with_max_sum) return results

question:George loves playing with numbers and recently encountered an interesting challenge involving prime numbers. The problem is defined as follows: **Function Description** You need to implement the function `count_prime_factors(n)`. This function takes a single integer `n` as an input and returns the number of distinct prime factors of `n`. **Constraint** - 1 leq n leq 10^{12} **Explanation** A prime factor of a number `n` is a prime number that divides `n` without leaving a remainder. Each prime number should be counted only once, regardless of its multiplicity in the factorization of `n`. **Input Format** Multiple test cases are provided. The first line of input contains an integer T, indicating the number of test cases. Each of the next T lines contains a single integer n. **Output Format** The function should output T lines, each containing the number of distinct prime factors of the corresponding integer `n`. **Example Input** 3 28 30 50 **Example Output** 2 3 2 **Explanation** For the first test case, the number 28 has the distinct prime factors 2 and 7. For the second test case, the number 30 has the distinct prime factors 2, 3, and 5. For the third test case, the number 50 has the distinct prime factors 2 and 5. **Hint** Efficiently finding and counting prime factors of very large numbers (up to 10^{12}) requires an optimized approach, possibly involving pre-computation, prime sieving techniques, or number theory insights.

answer:import math def count_prime_factors(n): Returns the number of distinct prime factors of n. if n <= 1: return 0 distinct_prime_factors = 0 # Check the number of 2s that divide n if n % 2 == 0: distinct_prime_factors += 1 while n % 2 == 0: n //= 2 # Check for odd factors from 3 onwards for i in range(3, int(math.sqrt(n)) + 1, 2): if n % i == 0: distinct_prime_factors += 1 while n % i == 0: n //= i # If n is still a prime number greater than 2 if n > 2: distinct_prime_factors += 1 return distinct_prime_factors

question:Implement a function `bitwise_and_range(start, end)` that takes two integers `start` and `end` such that 0 <= start <= end, and returns the bitwise AND of all numbers from `start` to `end` inclusive. For example: - `bitwise_and_range(5, 7)` should return `4` (binary: `101 & 110 & 111 = 100`). - `bitwise_and_range(0, 1)` should return `0`. The function should handle large ranges efficiently. Constraints - 0 <= start <= end <= 2^31 - 1 Examples ```python assert bitwise_and_range(5, 7) == 4 assert bitwise_and_range(0, 1) == 0 assert bitwise_and_range(10, 15) == 8 ```

answer:def bitwise_and_range(start, end): Returns the bitwise AND of all numbers in the range [start, end]. shift = 0 while start < end: start >>= 1 end >>= 1 shift += 1 return start << shift