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question:Write a function to convert a binary string to an integer. The function should take a binary string as input and return the corresponding integer. The binary string does not contain any spaces or leading zeros. My input is a binary string '101010'.

answer:def binary_to_integer(binary_string): Converts a binary string to an integer. Args: binary_string (str): A string containing a binary number. Returns: int: The integer representation of the binary string. return int(binary_string, 2)

question:Write a function to determine if a non-empty binary search tree (BST) contains a pair of numbers whose sum equals a given number `k`.

answer:class TreeNode: def __init__(self, x): self.val = x self.left = None self.right = None def findTarget(root, k): Returns True if there exist two elements in the BST such that their sum is equal to k, otherwise returns False. if not root: return False def inorder_traverse(node, elements): if not node: return inorder_traverse(node.left, elements) elements.append(node.val) inorder_traverse(node.right, elements) elements = [] inorder_traverse(root, elements) l, r = 0, len(elements) - 1 while l < r: s = elements[l] + elements[r] if s == k: return True elif s < k: l += 1 else: r -= 1 return False

question:Write a function to flatten a nested list of integers using recursion.

answer:def flatten(nested_list): Flattens a nested list of integers. Args: nested_list (list): The nested list to flatten. Returns: list: The flattened list. flattened_list = [] for element in nested_list: if isinstance(element, list): flattened_list.extend(flatten(element)) else: flattened_list.append(element) return flattened_list

question:Write a function to implement the `string.ascii_letters`, `string.digits`, and `string.punctuation` constants from the `string` module in Python. You should create custom functions `ascii_letters()`, `digits()`, and `punctuation()` that return all letters (both lowercase and uppercase), all digits (0-9), and all punctuation characters respectively. Use a character range for the letters and digits, and a predefined string for the punctuation.

answer:def ascii_letters(): Returns a string of all ASCII letters (both lowercase and uppercase). return ''.join(chr(i) for i in range(65, 91)) + ''.join(chr(i) for i in range(97, 123)) def digits(): Returns a string of all digits (0-9). return ''.join(chr(i) for i in range(48, 58)) def punctuation(): Returns a string of all punctuation characters. return "!"#%&'()*+,-./:;<=>?@[]^_`{|}~"