answer:def move_robots(grid_size, robot_start_positions, commands): R, C = grid_size M = len(robot_start_positions) robots = robot_start_positions[:] for command in commands: robot_id, move = command x, y = robots[robot_id - 1] if move == 'U' and y < R: y += 1 elif move == 'D' and y > 1: y -= 1 elif move == 'L' and x > 1: x -= 1 elif move == 'R' and x < C: x += 1 robots[robot_id - 1] = (x, y) return robots def prepare_input(input_data): lines = input_data.strip().split('n') R, C, M, N = map(int, lines[0].split()) robot_start_positions = [] for i in range(1, M + 1): x, y = map(int, lines[i].split()) robot_start_positions.append((x, y)) commands = [] for i in range(M + 1, M + 1 + N): parts = lines[i].split() robot_id = int(parts[0]) move = parts[1] commands.append((robot_id, move)) return (R, C), robot_start_positions, commands def main(input_data): grid_size, robot_start_positions, commands = prepare_input(input_data) final_positions = move_robots(grid_size, robot_start_positions, commands) for pos in final_positions: print(pos[0], pos[1]) # Sample input and function usage: input_data = 5 5 3 4 1 1 2 2 3 3 1 R 2 U 1 R 3 D main(input_data)

answer:class LibrarySystem: def __init__(self): self.books_by_isbn = {} self.books_by_author = {} def add_book(self, isbn, title, author, year): self.books_by_isbn[isbn] = (title, author, year) if author not in self.books_by_author: self.books_by_author[author] = [] self.books_by_author[author].append((year, title, isbn)) self.books_by_author[author].sort() def lookup_by_isbn(self, isbn): if isbn in self.books_by_isbn: title, author, year = self.books_by_isbn[isbn] return f"{title} {author} {year}" else: return "Book not found" def list_books_by_author(self, author): if author in self.books_by_author: return [f"{title} {isbn} {year}" for year, title, isbn in self.books_by_author[author]] else: return f"No books found by {author}" # Simulation of operations on the library def execute_operations(operations): library = LibrarySystem() results = [] for operation in operations: op = operation.split() op_code = int(op[0]) if op_code == 1: # Add a new book isbn = op[1] title = " ".join(op[2:-2]) author = op[-2] year = int(op[-1]) library.add_book(isbn, title, author, year) elif op_code == 2: # Look up a book by ISBN isbn = op[1] results.append(library.lookup_by_isbn(isbn)) elif op_code == 3: # List all books by author author = op[1] results.append("n".join(library.list_books_by_author(author))) return results

answer:from math import comb def choose_ingredients(n, m): Returns the number of ways to choose m ingredients from n ingredients. return comb(n, m)

answer:from urllib.parse import urlparse, parse_qsl def canonical_url(url): Converts a URL into its canonical form by: - Removing 'www.' if it exists - Sorting the query parameters parsed_url = urlparse(url) # Remove 'www.' if it exists netloc = parsed_url.netloc.replace('www.', '', 1) # Parse and sort the query parameters query_params = parse_qsl(parsed_url.query) sorted_query = sorted(query_params) query_string = '&'.join([f'{key}={value}' for key, value in sorted_query]) # Return the canonical URL canonical = f"{parsed_url.scheme}://{netloc}{parsed_url.path}" if query_string: canonical += f"?{query_string}" return canonical def group_urls(urls): Groups the URLs into their respective canonical forms. from collections import defaultdict url_groups = defaultdict(list) url_to_canonical = {} for url in urls: canon = canonical_url(url) url_groups[canon].append(url) url_to_canonical[url] = canon grouped_urls = list(url_groups.values()) return grouped_urls def merge_urls(n, url_list): Given the number of URLs and the list of URLs, returns the grouped URLs. grouped_urls = group_urls(url_list) return grouped_urls