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question:I have a list of researchers in a field, and I'd like to make a web scraping script in Python to collect the publication data (e.g., title, authors, publication date, journal) for each researcher from Google Scholar. My goal is to get an output that looks like this: ``` { "researcher1": [ {"title": "Paper 1", "authors": ["Author1", "Author2"], "date": "2020-01-01", "journal": "Journal1"}, {"title": "Paper 2", "authors": ["Author3", "Author4"], "date": "2021-01-01", "journal": "Journal2"} ], "researcher2": [ {"title": "Paper 3", "authors": ["Author5", "Author6"], "date": "2022-01-01", "journal": "Journal3"}, {"title": "Paper 4", "authors": ["Author7", "Author8"], "date": "2023-01-01", "journal": "Journal4"} ] } ``` I've tried using the `scholarly` library, but it doesn't seem to be actively maintained and has issues with handling the Google Scholar website changes. Can you provide me with a working Python code snippet that uses `BeautifulSoup` and `requests` to scrape publication data from Google Scholar?
answer:import requests from bs4 import BeautifulSoup import re def get_publication_data(researcher_name): search_url = f"https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&q={'+'.join(researcher_name.split())}" response = requests.get(search_url) response.raise_for_status() soup = BeautifulSoup(response.text, 'html.parser') publications = [] for entry in soup.select('.gs_ri'): title_tag = entry.select_one('.gs_rt') title = title_tag.text if title_tag else "No title" authors_journal_tag = entry.select_one('.gs_a') authors_journal_text = authors_journal_tag.text if authors_journal_tag else "No authors/journal" authors, journal_date = process_authors_journal(authors_journal_text) author_list = [author.strip() for author in re.split(r's*,s*', authors)] publications.append({ "title": title, "authors": author_list, "date": journal_date.split('-')[-1].strip(), "journal": ' '.join(journal_date.split('-')[:-1]).strip() }) return publications def process_authors_journal(authors_journal_text): authors, journal_date = authors_journal_text.split('-')[:2] journal_date = journal_date.strip() return authors, journal_date def scrape_researchers_publications(researchers): data = {} for researcher in researchers: data[researcher] = get_publication_data(researcher) return data
question:I have a list of numbers stored in a text file. I want to create a function in Python that can read the numbers from the file, and then sort them in ascending order. Here is the code I have so far: ```python def read_and_sort_numbers(filename): with open(filename, 'r') as file: numbers = [int(line.strip()) for line in file] numbers.sort() return numbers # Example usage: numbers = read_and_sort_numbers('numbers.txt') print(numbers) ``` Is my code correct?
answer:def read_and_sort_numbers(filename): Reads a list of integers from a file, sorts them in ascending order, and returns the sorted list. Parameters: filename (str): The name of the file containing the numbers to be read. Returns: list: A sorted list of integers read from the file. with open(filename, 'r') as file: numbers = [int(line.strip()) for line in file] numbers.sort() # Sorting the list in ascending order return numbers
question:Create a code snippet that calculates the dot product of two vectors. This code should have the following properties: - The vectors should have the same length. - The vectors should only contain integers. - The error checking should be done by a separate function. The code should be a function named `calculate_dot_product` that takes in two vectors and returns the dot product of the two vectors. The code should also include an error checking function named `error_check` that takes in two vectors and returns `True` if the vectors pass the error checking and `False` otherwise. Here is an example of what the function call might look like: ```python vector1 = [1, 2, 3] vector2 = [4, 5, 6] result = calculate_dot_product(vector1, vector2) print(result)
answer:def error_check(vector1, vector2): Check if both vectors have the same length and contain only integers. if len(vector1) != len(vector2): return False for v in vector1 + vector2: if not isinstance(v, int): return False return True def calculate_dot_product(vector1, vector2): Calculate the dot product of two vectors. if not error_check(vector1, vector2): raise ValueError("Vectors must be of the same length and contain only integers.") return sum(a * b for a, b in zip(vector1, vector2))
question:# Contribution to a Project You are a member of a software development team working on a project to develop an online shopping platform. Your task is to implement a function that calculates the total cost of an order.
answer:def calculate_total_cost(items, tax_rate): Calculate the total cost of an order including tax. Parameters: items (list of tuple): A list of tuples where each tuple contains the price of an item and the quantity. For example: [(price1, quantity1), (price2, quantity2), ...] tax_rate (float): The tax rate to be applied. For example, 0.05 for a 5% tax rate. Returns: float: The total cost including tax. subtotal = sum(price * quantity for price, quantity in items) tax = subtotal * tax_rate total = subtotal + tax return round(total, 2)